Joel h



J. H.TATu|v|.

Candle.

No. 22,592. Paremed Jan. 11, 1859.

Wp? LMI l.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

JOEL H. TATUM, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MANUFACTURE 0F CANDLES.-

Specification of Letters Patent No. 22,592, dated January 11, 1855;

To all whom 'it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOEL H. TATUM, of the city, county, and State of NewYork, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Candles; and I dohereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exactdescription of the same, reference being had to the annexed drawings,making a part of this specification, in which- Figure l, is an externalview of a candle constructed according to my invention. Fig. 2, is alongitudinal central section of do.

Similar letters of reference indicate corresponding parts in the twofigures.

This invention consists of an improved article of manufacture, viz. Acandle having its stock composed of tallow, stearic acid and gumcamphor, with or without bees- Wax, in about the proportions hereinspecified, and the exterior of the candle covered with a compoundcomposed of stearic acid, gum camphor and gum damar, or equivalent iux,in about the proportions herein set forth.

To enable others skilled in the art to fully understand and constructcandles according to my invention I will proceed to describe the processof manufacture.

The basis of the stock used is tallow, ordinary candle stock. To onethousand pounds of tallow I add Good tallow 50 lbs. Gum camphor 20 lbs.Stearic acid 20 lbs. lhite bees-wax lOlbs.

' 100 lbs.

To this composition may be added one pound of acetate of lead. Thiscomposition is fused together separately and added to the thousandpounds of tallow. The gum camphor and Stearic acid give solidity to thetallow and also increase greatly its illuminating power. The camphorhowever acts also as a flux and in connection with the wax render thetallow very limpid when fused, its viscidity being destroyed. Theacetate of lead destroys or neutralizes any alkaline propertiescontained in the composition. The wax is an improvement and increasesthe illuminating power of ,the candle as well as acting in the capacityof a flux. Still the wax may be dispensed with,

and also the acetate of lead although they would be preferable.

In consequence of having the tallow rendered very limpid when melted, aslender wick may be used,-a plaited wick for instance, similar to thoseemployed in wax and spermaceti. Pure tallow being viscid or thick whenmelted will not flow readily up in a wick, consequently in order to feedthe ame properly, a thick wick must be used, and they require to besnuifed from time to time. The slender plaited wick however which I amenabled to use, see a, both figures, will as when used in the wax andspermaceti candles bend over as the candle burns and its end will beconsumed in consequence of being in contact with the external air.

By having the tallow made hard or solid it fuses at a higher temperatureand consequently may be dipped in an indurating composition to give it ahard exterior, which will not be liable to crack nor shell off. Thisindurating composition may be formed of TalloW 50 lbs. Stearic acid 4:5lbs. Gum camphor 3 lbs. Gum damar 2 lbs.

1 06 lbs.

This composition is fused in proper vessel and the candles A, are dippedtherein. The composition gives the candles a hard external surface b,which will not soften by being handled nor be materially aifected by thetemperature of the weather.

I would remark that the candles may be either molded or dipped.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim and desire to secureby' Letters Patent, as an improved article of manufacture, is:

A candle having its stock composed of tallow, stearic acid, and gumcamphor, with or without bees-wax, in about the proportions hereinspecified, and the exterior of the candle covered with a compoundcomposed of stearic acid, gum camphor and gum damar, or equivalent flux,in about the proportions herein set forth.

JOEL H. TATUM.

Witnesses:

IVM. TUsoHL, W. HAUFF.

